Electrochemical desalination tests

Galvanostatic charging with potential limitation tests were carried out for the LFP working electrode in A) the lab-mixed electrolyte, B) the shredded battery solution, and C) The lab-mixed electrolyte without anion exchange membrane. Here the cells were cycled for 100 cycles in the EC-Lab software.

A) All the raw data files are saved in the folder "Cell with artificial battery solution", where appropriate subfolders were created to divide the different cycles. Due to the non-continuous cycling, the cycles are split in separate files and the data used to plot the Capacity and Coulombic efficiency were directly read out of the individual EC-Lab software data files and pasted and plotted in Origin Lab in the file labeled as "Artificial shredded battery solution_ICP-OES_capacity". 

B) All the raw data files are saved in the folder "Cell with real battery solution", where appropriate subfolders were created to divide the different cycles. Due to the non-continuous cycling, the cycles are split in separate files and the data used to plot the Capacity and Coulombic efficiency were directly read out of the individual EC-Lab software data files and pasted and plotted in Origin Lab in the file labeled as "Actual Shredded battery solution recovery ICP-OES_capacity". 

C) All the raw data files are saved in the folder "Cell with artificial battery solution without membrane", where appropriate subfolders were created to divide the different cycles. Due to the non-continuous cycling, the cycles are split in separate files and the data used to plot the Capacity and Coulombic efficiency were directly read out of the individual EC-Lab software data files and pasted and plotted in Origin Lab in the file labeled as "Artificial shredded battery solution_Capacity_w-out_membrane". 

D-E) The release capacity of Lithium-ions were characterized on multiple samples after discharging of ions into a recovery solution were performed by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES, ARCOS FHX22, SPECTRO Analytical Instruments). The concentration of each ionic species was determined using intensity-concentration equations derived from the calibration of known samples performed beforehand. Over 100 cycles, 15 sample solutions were collected and analyzed for their ion concentrations, thereby yielding an increase of ions within the recovery solution with the following each of the recovered cycles. The average ions recovered per cycle was used by averaging those 15 sample solutions and used to plot the average per cycle ion recovery which is plotted in "Actual Shredded battery solution recovery ICP-OES_capacity". The desalination capacity was calculated based on these concentration changes as explained in the SI document of the manuscript. 

Data were imported on Origin23b and plotted


